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Charging Performance Test Conditions:
(1) Discharge: Discharge the battery to 50% of its capacity.
(2) Resting: Allow the battery to rest until the electrolyte temperature cools down to 0°C after discharge.
(3) Charging: Charge the battery at a voltage of 14.4V for 10 minutes and record the maximum charging current received.
Figure 1: Charging performance comparison.
Figure 2: Carbon distribution in the EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) analysis of the plates.
Figure 3: Conductivity of the carbon-mixed plates.
※ According to the chart data, the conductivity of the plates increased by 42% after mixing with carbon.
Low-Temperature Discharge Test Conditions:
(1) Resting: After full charge, place the battery at -20°C for 24 hours to freeze.
(2) Discharge: Discharge until the cut-off voltage reaches 7.2V, measuring the maximum discharge current over a 5-second period.
High-Temperature Float Charge Test Conditions Based on IEC 60896-21:2004, IEC 60896-22:2004:
(1) Ambient Temperature: 55±2°C
(2) Charging: Charging voltage 13.5±0.05V
(3) Float Charge Duration: 42±3 days
(4) Discharge: After 42 days, cool to room temperature for 12–24 hours, then discharge at a 3-hour rate until 10.2V
(5) Termination Conditions: Testing will terminate when the battery’s 3-hour rate capacity is less than 80%.
